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Flow Direction of Control Valves


Flow direction of control valves has a relationship with a failure action, High Delta Pressure, Cavitation, and % opening of the valve. There are 2 type of control valve flow direction: Flow to Open (FTO, or Tending to Open), Flow to Close (FTC, or Tending to Close).


Flow to Open valve means that the fluid flow go through and facing the plug directly, where Flow to Close valve means that the fluid flow go through over the plug. Flow to Open or Flow to Close flow direction of control valve have a relationship with the failure action of a valve. This failure action means failure when the actuator is considered not present (not a failure just because of signal loss or instrument air lost). If we use a Flow to Open valve, when we lost the actuator the fluid flow that go through the valve will make the plug open in the globe valve type. If we use Flow to Close valve, when we lost the actuator, the fluid flow that go through the valve will make the plug close in the globe valve type.

Flow direction in relationship with high delta pressure could make a valve fail to operate properly in Flow to Close type. When we use a Flow to Close valve in a high delta pressure application, it could make a valve seat damaged due to over thrust. When we use a Flow to Open valve in a high delta pressure application, it will make a plug tend to open against the actuator thrust.

 Some of the valve manufacturer used a Flow to Close valve to reduce the cavitation for liquid application. Some of them also recommend using a Flow to Open valve to expand the gas flow and reduce the power in gas fluid application. The used of the Flow to Close or Flow to Open for such application shall be consult with the respective manufacturer. One important thing that must be considered if we use the Flow to Close valves is the % opening of the valve that must be in adequate higher than 20% opening to avoid a hydraulic hammer that can occur if the plug operates very close to the seat.

 As a general practice, use flow direction Flow to Open as a default valve type, because this type have less than problem rather than flow direction Flow to Close. Also, we assume that there are no cavitating occure as a preliminary. Detail design shall be as per Vendor calculation of the flow condition in the valve (cavitation, flashing etc). Usually vendor will recommend using Flow to Close valve when the fluid flow is cavitating, high noise etc. If the application is an angle valve (usually used in high delta pressure), it is more recommend to use a flow to close valve since it will close when any actuator component fail and also could reduce the valve cavitation and noise.

 

41 comments:

  1. if a flow to open valve is mounted in opposite direction it will become flow to close valve?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It is true only in case of floating mounted and trunion mounted double side seated ball valve. In case of single seat C shaped ball valves, flow direction is only in one direction. Because, the upstream side seat is present and down stream side it not present. One has to install the C shaped ball valve as per arrow indication on control valve.

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  2. Not necessarily but yes if the inlet pressure is equal to outlet pressure.it means DP is zero which is not practically possible.
    I would like to listen from other guys..

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  4. It's really interesting to see how all these different types of valves work in a hydraulic system. The check valve is really interesting because it's so simply built, but it's still seems to be effective. It's also good to know what sorts of things could cause valve failure, like high changes in pressure, like the article mentioned. http://www.yatalapumping.com.au/pumps-and-repairs

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  8. There is a difference between Fail Open (FO) and flow to Open (FTO) as well as Fail Close (FC) and Flow to Close (FTC).
    FO and FC are determined during process safety study (HAZOP) and it is all about safety.
    While FTC and FTO which is the flow direction through a globe valve is only about the process condition application.
    So, a globe valve can be FTO (flow direction upwards) and at the same time it can be FC (fail close, i.e. in case of instrument air failure, the valve will go to the close position).

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  10. What actually mean by Flow under and Flow over control valve?

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  37. Understanding the flow direction of control valves is crucial in ensuring efficient and safe operations in various industrial processes. Here are some comments on the importance and aspects related to the flow direction of control valves:

    Optimizing Process Efficiency: The flow direction of control valves determines how fluids or gases move through a system. Ensuring the correct orientation optimizes the efficiency of the entire process, allowing for precise control and regulation of flow rates.

    Critical for System Safety: Installing control valves in the correct flow direction is fundamental for system safety. Incorrect orientation might lead to pressure build-ups, backflow issues, or even damage to the valves and the overall system.

    Enhancing Valve Performance: Proper flow direction ensures that control valves function at their optimal capacity, minimizing wear and tear while maximizing their lifespan. This adherence to correct flow direction contributes to consistent performance and reliability.

    Industry Standards and Guidelines: Various industry standards and guidelines emphasize the importance of understanding and adhering to the correct flow direction. Compliance with these standards is essential for safety, efficiency, and regulatory requirements.

    Installation and Maintenance Considerations: During installation and maintenance, technicians must pay close attention to the markings or indicators on the valves that specify the flow direction. Proper labeling and documentation are essential to prevent errors in installation or replacement.

    Customization and Application-Specific Requirements: Some applications might require customized flow directions to suit specific operational needs. Understanding the unique requirements of the application ensures the selection and installation of control valves that align with those needs.

    In essence, comprehending the flow direction of control valves is foundational in optimizing industrial processes, maintaining safety standards, and ensuring the longevity and effectiveness of the valves within a system.
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